Cold-Formed Steel Design, 4th Edition

Cold-Formed Steel Design, 4th Edition

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 General Remarks 1

1.2 Types of Cold-Formed Steel Sections and Their Applications 2

1.3 Standardized Metal Buildings and Industrialized Housing 8

1.4 Methods of Forming 12

1.5 Research and Design Specifications 17

1.6 General Design Considerations of Cold-Formed Steel Construction 20

1.7 Economic Design and Optimum Properties 26

CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS USED IN COLD-FORMED STEEL CONSTRUCTION 27

2.1 General Remarks 27

2.2 Yield Stress, Tensile Strength, and Stress–Strain Curve 33

2.3 Modulus of Elasticity, Tangent Modulus, and Shear Modulus 34

2.4 Ductility 34

2.5 Weldability 36

2.6 Fatigue Strength and Toughness 37

2.7 Influence of Cold Work on Mechanical Properties of Steel 37

2.8 Utilization of Cold Work of Forming 40

2.9 Effect of Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Steel 42

2.10 Testing of Full Sections and Flat Elements 43

2.11 Residual Stresses Due to Cold Forming 44

2.12 Effect of Strain Rate on Mechanical Properties 46

CHAPTER 3 STRENGTH OF THIN ELEMENTS AND DESIGN CRITERIA 47

3.1 General Remarks 47

3.2 Definitions of Terms 47

3.3 Design Basis 50

3.4 Serviceability 59

3.5 Structural Behavior of Compression Elements and Design Criteria 59

3.6 Perforated Elements and Members 91

3.7 Plate Buckling of Structural Shapes 95

3.8 Additional Information 95

CHAPTER 4 FLEXURAL MEMBERS 97

4.1 General Remarks 97

4.2 Bending Strength and Deflection 97

4.3 Design of Beam Webs 156

4.4 Bracing Requirements of Beams 182

4.5 Torsional Analysis of Beams and Combined Bending and

Torsional Loading 190

4.6 Additional Information on Beams 190

CHAPTER 5 COMPRESSION MEMBERS 191

5.1 General Remarks 191

5.2 Yielding 191

5.3 Flexural Column Buckling 192

5.4 Torsional Buckling and Flexural–Torsional Buckling 194

5.5 Effect of Local Buckling on Column Strength 200

5.6 Distortional Buckling Strength of Compression Members 201

5.7 Effect of Cold Work on Column Buckling 202

5.8 North American Design Formulas for Concentrically Loaded

Compression Members 203

5.9 Effective Length Factor K 207

5.10 Built-Up Compression Members 209

5.11 Bracing of Axially Loaded Compression Members 209

5.12 Design Examples 210

5.13 Compression Members Having One Flange Fastened to Decks or Panels 218

5.14 Wall Studs 220

5.15 Additional Information on Compression Members 221

CHAPTER 6 COMBINED AXIAL LOAD AND BENDING 223

6.1 General Remarks 223

6.2 Combined Tensile Axial Load and Bending 224

6.3 Combined Compressive Axial Load and Bending (Beam–Columns) 225

6.4 North American Design Criteria 232

6.5 Design Examples 235

6.6 Second-Order Analysis 248

6.7 Additional Information on Beam–Columns 249

CHAPTER 7 CLOSED CYLINDRICAL TUBULAR MEMBERS 251

7.1 General Remarks 251

7.2 Types of Closed Cylindrical Tubes 251

7.3 Flexural Column Buckling 251

7.4 Local Buckling 252

7.5 North American Design Criteria 255

7.6 Design Examples 259

CONTENTS vii

CHAPTER 8 CONNECTIONS 263

8.1 General Remarks 263

8.2 Types of Connectors 263

8.3 Welded Connections 263

8.4 Bolted Connections 281

8.5 Screw Connections 292

8.6 Other Fasteners 296

8.7 Rupture Failure of Connections 299

8.8 I- or Box-Shaped Compression Members Made by Connecting

Two C-Sections 299

8.9 I-Beams Made by Connecting Two C-Sections 301

8.10 Spacing of Connections in Compression Elements 304

CHAPTER 9 SHEAR DIAPHRAGMS AND ROOF STRUCTURES 307

9.1 General Remarks 307

9.2 Steel Shear Diaphragms 307

9.3 Structural Members Braced by Diaphragms 319

9.4 Shell Roof Structures 329

9.5 Metal Roof Systems 340

CHAPTER 10 CORRUGATED SHEETS 343

10.1 General Remarks 343

10.2 Applications 343

10.3 Sectional Properties and Design of Arc- and Tangent-Type

Corrugated Sheets 343

10.4 Sectional Properties and Design of Trapezoidal-Type Corrugated Sheets 348

CHAPTER 11 COMPOSITE DESIGN 349

11.1 General Remarks 349

11.2 Steel-Deck-Reinforced Composite Slabs 349

11.3 Composite Beams or Girders with Cold-Formed Steel Deck 350

CHAPTER 12 INTRODUCTION TO STAINLESS STEEL DESIGN 353

12.1 General Remarks 353

12.2 Differences between Specifications for Carbon Steels and Stainless Steels 355

CHAPTER 13 LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTION 359

13.1 General Remarks 359

13.2 Framing Standards 359

13.3 Design Guides 367

CHAPTER 14 COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN 369

14.1 General Remarks 369

14.2 Computer Programs for Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structures 369

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